Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: Global issues, Issue: Implications of the US withdrawal from Multilateralism.
Context:
At the 80th UNGA session, US President Donald Trump’s speech highlights a shift in US foreign policy — retreat from multilateralism to unilateralism.
Key Highlights:
US Approach to Multilateralism:
U.S.’s Policy Shift:
- Undermining cooperation: Trump’s shift in stance from “peace president” to undermining multilateral cooperation.
- America First policy: Focused on “America First” movement in opposition to “endless wars.” and criticising liberals/Democrats for wasting US resources.
- Undermining institutions: Deepened skepticism toward international organisations such as Withdrawal/reduced funding from WHO, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNRWA (Palestine Refugees), Paris Climate Accord, Global Health Funds.
- Funding cuts: Cuts in UN contributions as there is nearly 80% decline in US voluntary contributions.
- Diluted social cause: Rejection of global social agendas such as gender equality, LGBTQ rights.
China’s Rise: China is filling the vacuum by:
- Expanding financial support to UN programs.
- Promoting initiatives like Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) and “Global Development” frameworks.
- Supporting Global South priorities in climate, health, and digital governance.
Implications for India:
Risks:
- Geopolitical Rivalry: Greater US-China contestation at UN platforms may polarize institutions and risks erosion of multilateralism into great-power rivalry.
- Weakening Multilateral Norms: Decline of rules-based order impacts India’s interests in trade, climate change, health, and global governance.
- China’s Influence: Beijing leveraging financial muscle into expanding leadership in UN bodies. It could sideline Indian priorities in technology, development finance, and security.
Opportunities:
- Middle Power Leadership: India, with other middle powers (Japan, EU, Australia), can redefine multilateralism fit for 21st century. It can push for UN Security Council reforms to expand representation.
- Bridge Builder Role: India can mediate between North and South blocs on climate, development financing, and digital governance.
- Global Recognition: India’s increasing role in G20, BRICS+, SCO complements UN diplomacy. It can strengthen its position as a voice of Global South in multilateral negotiations.
Way Forward for India:
- Strategic Engagement: Balance ties with both US and China while preserving multilateral integrity.
- Coalition Building: Work with like-minded middle powers for inclusive reforms.
- Financial Commitment: Enhance India’s own contributions to UN programs to boost influence.
- Norm Shaping: Promote principles of equity, inclusivity, sustainable development, and digital sovereignty.
Conclusion:
The US withdrawal from multilateralism and China’s growing assertiveness mark a transformative moment for global governance. India must play the role of a responsible balancer and reformer, ensuring multilateralism remains effective and equitable.
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