Why in News :
SIPRI 2025 yearbook reports India has 180 nuclear warheads, surpassing Pakistan’s 170, while China leads with 600. The report highlights India’s expanding arsenal and advancing nuclear delivery systems.
Description:
SIPRI Report (2020-2024):
1. India is the 2nd Largest Arms Importer in the world (8.3% share during 2020-24), after Ukraine, even though India’s arms imports declined by about 9.3% compared to 2015-19.
2. Main Suppliers to India: Russia remains India’s largest arms supplier but its share dropped from 72% (2010-14) to 36% (2020-24). France has emerged as the second-largest supplier, supplying 28% of its arms imports, including Rafale fighter jets and Scorpene submarines.
3. Regional Trends: Pakistan’s arms imports rose sharply by 61% with China providing 81% of Pakistan’s arms imports. China itself dropped out of the top 10 arms importers for the first time since 1990-94, due to a stronger domestic defense industry.
4. Global Arms Exporters: The US continues to be the largest arms exporter, supplying weapons to Ukraine, NATO countries, and Asia-Pacific nations. Russia’s arms exports declined steeply by 64% due to sanctions and production issues but India remains a top buyer of Russian arms.
5. India’s Defence Self-Reliance Initiatives: India allocated over Rs 6.21 lakh crore for defense in Budget 2024-25 with 75% of capital procurement reserved for domestic manufacturers. Initiatives include the SRIJAN portal, Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020 prioritizing domestic products, Defence Industrial Corridors in UP and Tamil Nadu, and increased private sector participation.
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