1. With reference to Community Forest Resource (CFR) rights under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, consider the following statements:
1. CFR rights are provided under Section 3(1)(i) of the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
2. Gram Sabhas can independently lease forest land to private companies under CFR rights.
3. CFR rights are applicable even within protected areas such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
4. The recognition of CFR rights empowers forest communities to manage forests based on traditional knowledge.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
2. With reference to the GST Council, consider the following statements:
1. The GST Council is a constitutional body established under Article 279A of the Constitution.
2. The Council’s recommendations are binding on both the Centre and the States.
3. The decision-making in the Council requires a three-fourths majority of the weighted votes.
4. The Union Minister of State for Finance is the Chairperson of the Council.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
3. With reference to the Union Cabinet, consider the following statements:
1. The term “Cabinet” was constitutionally introduced by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.
2. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to both the Lok Sabha and the President.
3. The Prime Minister is empowered to reshuffle and dismiss ministers.
4. Cabinet Committees are constitutional bodies with statutory backing.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
4. With reference to the BRICS grouping, consider the following statements:
1. The New Development Bank established by BRICS offers veto powers to its founding members.
2. The Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) was created to provide short-term liquidity support.
3. Indonesia became a full member of BRICS in 2025.
4. The decisions at BRICS Summits are generally taken through majority voting.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 4 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 4 only
5. With reference to Axiom Mission 4, consider the following statements:
1. It is the fourth private spaceflight mission to the ISS conducted by Axiom Space.
2. The mission was launched using NASA’s Space Shuttle Atlantis from Kennedy Space Center.
3. Shubhanshu Shukla became the first Indian to fly to the ISS on a private mission under Ax-4.
4. The mission duration on the ISS was approximately 14 days.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
6. With reference to India’s role in the Axiom Mission 4 and human spaceflight, consider the following statements:
1. Shubhanshu Shukla is one of the astronauts shortlisted for India’s Gaganyaan mission.
2. ISRO designed and launched Axiom-4 to prepare for Gaganyaan’s manned launch in 2025.
3. During the ISS stay, ISRO-sponsored experiments involved studies on microgravity’s effect on algae and seeds.
4. Gaganyaan is India’s first crewed orbital mission and aims to send astronauts to the Moon by 2025.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
7. With reference to the International Space Station (ISS), consider the following statements:
1. The ISS is the largest man-made structure in low Earth orbit and was launched in 1998.
2. It is a collaborative project of six space agencies including NASA, ISRO, and Roscosmos.
3. The ISS completed over 15 orbits around the Earth per day.
4. It will be retired by 2030 and deorbited into the South Pacific Oceanic Uninhabited Area.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
8. With reference to Axiom Space and private spaceflight, consider the following statements:
1. Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1) was the first fully private crewed mission to the ISS.
2. SpaceX’s Crew Dragon is a reusable spacecraft used for all Axiom missions.
3. Axiom Space plans to build a commercial module on the ISS as a precursor to its own space station.
4. Axiom missions are funded exclusively by NASA and other state space agencies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
9. With reference to the changing geopolitical dynamics in the Middle East following the Iran-Israel conflict, consider the following statements:
1. Iran’s influence in West Asia historically relied on proxy actors such as Hezbollah and Houthis.
2. The “Axis of Upheaval” is a formal military alliance comprising Russia, China, and Iran.
3. Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia and UAE have increasingly distanced themselves from Iran amid rising instability.
4. There exists a binding defense treaty among the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
10. With reference to migrant voting rights in India, consider the following statements:
1. The Representation of the People Act, 1951 allows only Armed Forces personnel to use postal ballots.
2. Remote Electronic Voting Machines (RVMs) have been tested by the Election Commission of India for inter-state migrant voting.
3. Changing a voter’s constituency based on long-term migration is permitted under current electoral laws.
4. Migration in India is predominantly rural-to-urban and includes both intra-state and inter-state patterns.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 2 and 4 only
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