Why in News?
The 2027 Census will be India’s first digital Census, using mobile apps and a central server for data collection. This digital approach aims to make Census data available early, with a dedicated portal for self-enumeration and improved outreach.
Description:
- Established: 1949
- Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs
- Position: Registrar General and Ex-Officio Census Commissioner of India
- Rank: Typically, Joint Secretary to Government of India
Key Functions:
- Conducts Census of India (decennial exercise since 1881; post-1949 under RGI).
- Implements Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969.
- Maintains Civil Registration System (CRS) – continuous, real-time registration of births and deaths.
- Conducts Linguistic Survey of India (LSI).
- Manages National Population Register (NPR).
Census of India:
- Provides detailed demographic, socio-economic, and geographic data.
- Last Census completed in 2011.
- 2021 Census delayed due to pandemic, funding priorities, and debates over caste enumeration.
Linguistic Survey of India (LSI):
- Conducted alongside decennial census.
- Documents linguistic diversity.
- First LSI completed by George Abraham Grierson (1928).
Civil Registration System (CRS):
- Mandatory legal system for birth and death registration.
- Government and private hospitals act as registration authorities.
- RGI recently cautioned hospitals for failing to report timely.
Recent Developments:
- 2023 Digital Census initiative for real-time data, integrating Aadhaar.
- Use of datasets like NFHS-5 to support policies (e.g. Mission Parivar Vikas).
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