Why in News?
A Nipah virus death in Kerala’s Palakkad district has triggered an alert in six districts. Health authorities have traced 46 contacts and placed 543 people under observation, intensifying surveillance to prevent further spread of the deadly bat-borne virus.
Description:
About Virus:
It is a zoonotic virus (transmitted from animals to humans) and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people.
- Nature: The organism that causes Nipah Virus encephalitis is an RNA or Ribonucleic acid virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus, and is closely related to Hendra virus.
- Hosts: NiV initially appeared in domestic pigs, dogs, cats, goats, horses, and sheep.
- Transmission:Â It spreads through fruit bats (genus Pteropus). The virus is found in bat urine, feces, saliva, and birthing fluid.
- Symptoms: Causes encephalitic syndrome in humans, presenting with fever, headache, drowsiness, disorientation, mental confusion, coma, and potentially death.
- Treatment: Diagnosis can be established through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from bodily fluids and antibody detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Â
- Prevention: No vaccines available for humans or animals.
- WHO Response: It has identified Nipah as a priority disease
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