Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)

Why in News?

Former US President Donald Trump has been diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), a condition affecting blood flow in the legs. The diagnosis was made following swelling and bruising in his limbs. The White House confirmed that Trump remains in excellent health overall.

Description:

  • A condition where leg veins fail to efficiently return blood to the heart.
  • Caused by damaged or weakened vein valves, leading to blood pooling in the legs.
  • Not usually life-threatening but can significantly impact quality of life.

Causes / Risk Factors:

  • Valve dysfunction in the veins.
  • Overweight or obesity.
  • Pregnancy.
  • Family history of venous disorders.
  • Past leg injuries or surgeries.
  • History of blood clots (DVT).
  • Increasing age – common in older adults.

Symptoms:

  • Leg pain or heaviness.
  • Swelling (edema) in lower legs/ankles.
  • Cramps, especially at night.
  • Itchy or flaky skin, skin discolouration.
  • Varicose veins.
  • Leg ulcers, particularly around the ankles.

Prevalence:

  • Affects approximately 1 in 20 adults.
  • Risk increases significantly with age.

Treatment Options:

  1. Lifestyle Changes:
    1. Regular physical activity (walking, cycling).
    1. Leg elevation above heart level.
    1. Weight loss and a healthy diet.
  2. Medical Management:
    1. Compression therapy: Tight stockings or bandages to support veins.
    1. Medications to improve venous tone and blood flow.
  3. Surgical/Procedural Options:
    1. Sclerotherapy, laser therapy, vein stripping, or endovenous ablation in severe cases.

Preventive Tips:

  • Avoid long periods of standing or sitting.
  • Wear compression stockings if at risk.
  • Engage in leg exercises and maintain healthy weight.
Stages Chronic Venous Insufficiency:

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