Why in News?
NISAR, the first joint Earth observation satellite by NASA and ISRO, will be launched on July 30, 2025, using GSLV-F16. It uses dual-frequency SAR with SweepSAR technology to provide high-resolution, all-weather, global data for environmental monitoring.
Description:
- Full Form: NISAR – NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar.
- Launch Date: Scheduled for July 30, 2025 at 17:40 IST.
- Launch Vehicle: GSLV-F16 (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle).
- Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), Sriharikota.
- Orbit:
- Type: Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO)
- Altitude: 743 km
- Inclination: 98.40°
- Weight of Satellite: 2392 kg.
- Radar Payload:
- Dual-frequency SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)
- NASA’s L-band SAR
- ISRO’s S-band SAR
- Mounted on NASA’s 12m unfurlable mesh reflector antenna
- Bus Platform: ISRO’s modified I3K satellite bus.
- Swath Width: 242 km – enables wide-area earth observation.
- Revisit Time: 12-day repeat cycle – provides consistent monitoring.
- Technology Used: SweepSAR – for enhanced coverage and resolution (first time use globally).
- Key Features:
- All-weather, day & night observation capability
- Detects minute ground deformation, ice movement, vegetation changes
- Applications:
- Earthquake and landslide monitoring
- Glacier & polar ice tracking
- Soil moisture & surface water mapping
- Disaster management support
- Shoreline and ship movement monitoring
- Collaboration:
- Product of decade-long technical collaboration between ISRO & NASA/JPL
- One of the largest Earth observation satellite missions built collaboratively
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