Prime Minister of India

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Why in News?

Prime Minister Narendra Modi surpassed Indira Gandhi’s record by serving 4,078 consecutive days as PM, becoming the second-longest serving Prime Minister in India’s history with an uninterrupted tenure across three Lok Sabha terms since 2014.

Description:

  • The PM is the real executive head in the Indian parliamentary system.
  • Article 74(1): Council of Ministers with the PM at the head to aid and advise the President.
  • Article 75: CoM appointed by the President on PM’s advice.
  • Other ministers function under the PM’s leadership → hence termed “Prime Ministerial Government.”

Constitutional Provisions Related to PM:

ArticleProvision
Article 74(1)CoM with the PM to aid and advise the President.
Article 75(1)President appoints PM; other Ministers on PM’s advice.
Article 75(2)PM holds office during pleasure of President.
Article 75(3)CoM is collectively responsible to Lok Sabha.
Article 84(2)PM must be an Indian citizen & a member of either House of Parliament.

Appointment of PM:

  • Constitution silent on specific procedure.
  • The President appoints the leader of majority in Lok Sabha.
  • In case of no clear majority, the President uses discretion → the leader of the largest party/coalition is appointed & asked to prove majority.

Oath, Term, and Salary:

  • Oath: Administered by the President (to uphold the Constitution, integrity of India, etc.).
  • Term: No fixed term; continues as long as they have majority support in Lok Sabha.
  • Salary: Decided by Parliament; includes MP salary + housing, travel, medical, and allowances.

Powers of the Prime Minister:

  1. Executive Powers:
    1. Head of Union CoM; coordinates ministries.
    1. Chairs Cabinet meetings.
  2. Legislative Powers:
    1. Advises President on summoning/dissolving Lok Sabha.
    1. Announces government policies in Parliament.
  3. Diplomatic Powers:
    1. Represents India globally; handles international relations.
  4. Emergency Powers:
    1. Advises President during National Emergency.
  5. Appointment Powers:
    1. Recommends key appointments (Governors, CAG, AGI, UPSC, EC, etc.).
  6. Financial Powers:
    1. Overall responsibility of economic & budgetary management.

Functions & Responsibilities:

  • With CoM:
    • Recommends ministers to President.
    • Allocates/reallocates portfolios.
    • Can request the minister’s resignation or dismissal.
    • Coordinates ministry functions.
  • With President:
    • Acts as the chief link between President & CoM.
    • Informs the President about Cabinet decisions.
    • Recommends appointments.
  • With Parliament:
    • Leader of Lok Sabha.
    • Advises on summoning & proroguing sessions.
    • Can recommend dissolution of Lok Sabha.
  • Others:
    • Chair of NITI Aayog, NIC, Inter-State Council, etc.
    • Chief spokesperson & political head during crises.
Prime Minister's of India:

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