Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

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Why in News?

IIST and Kerala Agricultural University have begun post-flight germination and field studies on 4,000+ crop seeds sent to the ISS aboard the Axiom-4 mission, aiming to study space exposure effects over a 2.5–3-year research project.

Description:

  • Type: 4th private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS).
  • Organizers: Axiom Space in collaboration with NASA, SpaceX, and ISRO.

Objectives:

  • Promote commercial activities in low Earth orbit (LEO) – space tourism, private research.
  • Demonstrate viability of commercial space stations for business & science.
  • Enhance international collaboration in space exploration.
  • Conduct microgravity experiments in:
    • Materials science
    • Biology
    • Earth observation
    • Life sciences

Launch Details:

  • Launch Vehicle: SpaceX Falcon-9 Block 5.
  • Capsule: Crew Dragon C213 – 5th & final new Dragon capsule.
  • Launch Site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Centre.
  • Timeline: Initially planned for early June 2025; postponed multiple times.
    • June 11, 2025 delay: due to LOx leak in launch system.

Crew:

  1. Peggy Whitson – USA (Commander).
  2. Shubhanshu Shukla – India.
  3. Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski – Poland.
  4. Tibor Kapu – Hungary (Mission Specialist).

Significance:

  • India’s return to human spaceflight after 41 years (since Rakesh Sharma, 1984).
  • First govt-sponsored ISS flights in over 4 decades for India, Poland, Hungary.
  • Boosts India’s credentials in human space exploration ahead of Gaganyaan mission.

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