Why in News?
Following deadly protests in Leh seeking Ladakh Statehood, civil society groups resumed talks with the MHA, with the government indicating that Article 371 provisions could be considered, while groups continue to demand inclusion under the Sixth Schedule.
Description:
- Found in Part XXI of the Indian Constitution — Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions.
- In force since 26 January 1950.
- Articles 371(A–J) were added later via constitutional amendments under Article 368.
- Aim: To address regional imbalances, protect cultural identities, and ensure equitable development.
States Covered under Article 371 (A–J):
| Article | State | Key Provisions / Special Powers |
| 371 | Maharashtra & Gujarat | Governor to establish Development Boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada, Saurashtra & Kutch; ensure equitable fund allocation. |
| 371A | Nagaland | Parliament cannot legislate on Naga religion, customary law, land rights, or civil/criminal justice without State Assembly’s consent. |
| 371B | Assam | Provides for Legislative Committee for tribal areas; President determines its composition and powers. |
| 371C | Manipur | Hill Areas Committee of legislators; Governor reports annually to President on administration of Hill Areas. |
| 371D & 371E | Andhra Pradesh & Telangana | Ensures equitable opportunities in education & employment across regions; allows President’s orders for regional balance. |
| 371F | Sikkim | Protects existing laws, customs, and rights of Sikkimese; ensures smooth integration with India. |
| 371G | Mizoram | Protects Mizo customary laws, social/religious practices, land rights, and administration of justice. |
| 371H | Arunachal Pradesh | Governor given special responsibility for law and order. |
| 371I | Goa | Legislative Assembly must have minimum 30 members. |
| 371J | Karnataka (Hyderabad–Karnataka / Kalyana Karnataka) | Establishes development board, ensures regional reservation in jobs & education. |
Number of States Covered:
12 States – Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, and Karnataka.
Purpose of Article 371 Series:
- Safeguard regional identity, culture & traditions.
- Promote balanced regional development.
- Address administrative & economic disparities.
- Preserve customary laws & local governance systems in tribal/hill regions.
Extension Proposal:
- Ladakh may get Article 371-like protection to preserve its demographic, cultural, and ecological balance.
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