Why in News?
The Germanwatch Climate Risk Index 2026 ranked India 9th among countries worst affected by climate-related disasters over the last 30 years. India recorded 80,000 deaths, 430 extreme events, and USD 170 billion losses, reflecting high climate vulnerability despite improving resilience.
Description:
- Published by Germanwatch (annual since 2006).
- Measures human & economic impacts of extreme weather.
- Data sources: EM-DAT, World Bank, IMF.
India’s Position:
- Long-term (1995–2024): Rank 9 (improved from earlier Rank 8).
- Year 2024 Rank: 15.
- 3rd most affected population in 2024 (after Bangladesh, Philippines).
- 30-year impacts on India:
- 430+ extreme events
- 80,000 deaths
- 1.3 billion people affected
- Economic loss: USD 170 billion
- Annual average loss: USD 5.6 billion
Global Findings (1995–2024):
- 9,700+ extreme weather events.
- 832,000+ deaths globally.
- Economic losses: USD 4.5 trillion.
- Most affected (long-term): Dominica, Myanmar, Honduras.
Why India Is Highly Vulnerable:
- High dependence on monsoon system.
- Large population → high exposure.
- Back-to-back extreme events → limited recovery time.
- Major drivers: floods, heatwaves, cyclones.
Science & Impacts:
- 600+ studies: Climate change worsened 74% of extreme events.
- Damage distribution:
- Floods + storms → 58% monetary losses
- Heatwaves + storms → 2/3 deaths
- Floods → 50% of people affected
Adaptation & Mitigation Gaps:
- 62 countries submitted National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).
- Weak implementation due to poor financing.
- Developing countries need USD 130–415 bn/year by 2030.
- Adaptation Fund (2024): USD 130 mn (target: 300 mn).
Loss & Damage:
- Global need by 2050: USD 1.1–1.7 trillion/year.
- Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD) launched at COP30 (2025).
- First call: USD 250 mn.
- Pledges: USD 788 mn.
- Actual transfers: < USD 400 mn.
Policy Imperatives (CRI Recommendations):
- Rapid emissions cuts to stay below 1.5°C.
- Reform NCQG → target USD 300 bn by 2035.
- Shift from planning → implementation of NAPs.
- Mobilise private sector financing: USD 50 bn/year.
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