Why in News?
NCDC (National Centre for Disease Control) rejected a Lancet study’s claim that over 50% of Indian patients undergoing ERCP are colonised with MDR organisms.
Description:
Key Terms:
- AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance): When microorganisms become resistant to medicines.
- MDRO (Multi-Drug-Resistant Organisms): Bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics.
- ECRP: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Why AMR is Rising (India + Global):
- Overuse & misuse of antibiotics.
- Patients not completing treatment.
- Antibiotic use in livestock, poultry, aquaculture.
- Poor infection control in hospitals.
- Lack of hygiene and sanitation.
- Few new antibiotics being developed.
How AMR Spreads:
- Drug residues in food-producing animals → resistant bacteria in human food chain.
- Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
- Poor hygiene → resistant strains spread to community.
- Over-prescribing antibiotics & OTC sales.
Impact of AMR:
- 1.27 million deaths (2019) globally due to AMR.
- Expected $1–3.4 trillion GDP loss by 2030.
- Risk to medical procedures like organ transplantation, chemotherapy, ICU care.
- Longer hospitalisation & higher mortality.
India’s Measures to Combat AMR:
- National AMR Programme – surveillance & containment.
- National Action Plan on AMR – One Health approach.
- Schedule H1 – regulates antibiotic sales.
- Red Line Campaign – discourages OTC antibiotic use.
- ICMR AMR Network – lab-based surveillance of drug resistance.
- Operation AMRITH (Kerala) – steps against unauthorised antibiotic sales.
- India is part of the Global AMR Surveillance System (GLASS). GLASS (2015): WHO’s Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System.
Note: NCDC is under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. HQ: New Delhi. NCDC has 8 branches across India.
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