Why in News?
At the IBSA (India–Brazil–South Africa) Summit in Johannesburg, the Indian PM stated that UNSC reforms are no longer optional but a necessity.
Description:
Why Reform?
- Current composition reflects post-World War II order, not contemporary geopolitics.
- Emerging powers (India, Brazil, Germany, Japan) under-represented.
- Africa has no permanent seat.
About UNSC:
Mandate:
- One of the five principal organs of the UN.
- Primary responsibility: maintaining international peace and security.
- Under the UN Charter: All member states must comply with UNSC decisions (legally binding).
- Functions include:
- Determining threats to peace
- Recommending mediation / settlement methods
- Imposing sanctions
- Authorising military action
Composition:
Total members: 15
- Permanent Members (P5) with veto power: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom & United States.
- Non-Permanent Members: 10
- Elected for two-year terms by UNGA
- Ensures equitable geographic distribution:
- 5 from Africa/Asia
- 1 from Eastern Europe
- 2 from Latin America & Caribbean
- 2 from Western Europe & Others
- Headquarters: New York, USA.
Formation: Formalised on 6 June 2003 with the Brasilia Declaration.
Key Facts:
- India was IBSA Chair in 2021 (“Democracy for Demography and Development”).
- Brazil assumed rotating presidency of IBSA on 2 March 2023. South Africa set to assume the IBSA presidency in 2026
- IBSA functions separately from BRICS; it has:
- Only three members
- Focus on democratic governance and South–South collaboration
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