Why in News?
The Union Health Ministry informed Parliament that 2,805 Indians died while waiting for organ transplants between 2020–2024, highlighting systemic gaps in organ availability, long waiting lists, and state-wise disparities in donation and allocation.
Description:
National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO):
- A national-level apex organisation under the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, responsible for overseeing organ and tissue donation and transplantation in India.
Headquarters:
- Institute of Pathology (ICMR) Building, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi.
Key Functions:
- Policy & Guidelines: Formulates national standards, protocols, and regulatory guidelines.
- Coordination: Acts as the apex coordinating body for organ procurement, distribution, and interstate allocation.
- National Registry: Maintains the National Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplant Registry.
- Awareness & Training
- Monitoring: Oversees transplantation activities and maintains a national data bank for surveillance and evaluation.
Organ Allocation System:
- Allocation rules currently vary state-by-state.
- NOTTO is shifting towards a uniform national allocation framework using:
- Essential variables: medical urgency, expected benefit, wait time.
- Optional variables: body size match, blood group compatibility, comorbidities.
- Allocation still depends on Health status of recipient, Time to locate a matching donor, Type of organ.
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