Why in News?
- Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw informed Parliament that Kavach, the indigenous anti-collision system, has been commissioned on over 2,000 km of the Indian Railways network.
What is Kavach?
- Kavach is an indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system
- Designed to prevent accidents caused by human error
- Automatically applies brakes when unsafe conditions arise
What Kavach Prevents
- Train-to-train collisions
- Overspeeding
- Signal Passing At Danger (SPAD)
How Kavach Works :
- Continuous communication between:
- Locomotive (onboard system)
- Track-side equipment
- Signalling system
- Uses radio communication and GPS assistance
- If the driver fails to act, system intervenes automatically
Key Facts
- Works in all weather conditions (fog, rain, night)
- Requires Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) along tracks
- Installed on both locomotives and track-side infrastructure
- Does NOT replace drivers or signalling system
- Prevents consequential accidents, not derailments due to track failure
Impact
- Railway accidents reduced by ~90%
- Rollout is phased due to cost and infrastructure needs
- Focus on high-density and high-risk routes
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