Why in News?
India and Pakistan continue the annual exchange of lists of nuclear installations, reflecting the continuity of nuclear confidence-building measures despite strained bilateral relations.
Description:
Key Terms:
- Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs): Steps taken to reduce mistrust and prevent escalation between states.
- Nuclear Installations & Facilities: Civilian and military nuclear sites covered under the non-attack commitment.
About the Agreement:
- Type: Bilateral Confidence-Building Measure
- Signed: 31 December 1988
- In force since: 1991
Core Obligations:
- Annual exchange of lists of nuclear installations and facilities.
- Date of exchange: 1 January every year.
- Non-attack commitment: Prohibits attacks on each other’s nuclear installations. It applies during peace as well as armed conflict.
Significance:
- Reduces the risk of nuclear escalation or miscalculation.
- One of the oldest surviving CBMs between India and Pakistan.
Separates nuclear risk management from political and military tensions.
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