Why in News?
Union Health Minister launched the indigenous Td vaccine at the Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli.
Description:
Key Terms:
- Td Vaccine: Combination vaccine protecting against Tetanus and Diphtheria (adult/adolescent formulation; lower diphtheria toxoid content than DPT).
- Toxoid Vaccine: It is a vaccine prepared from a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated (detoxified) so it cannot cause disease but still retains its ability to stimulate an immune response.
- UIP (Universal Immunization Programme): Launched in 1985; provides free vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases.
Features: Indigenous production under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). To be supplied through UIP. Targets adolescents and adults.
Td in India’s Immunization Schedule:
- Pregnant women: Td-1 and Td-2 doses.
- Children/Adolescents: Booster doses at 10 years and 16 years (Td replaced TT in schedule since 2019).
About the CRI, Kasauli:
- It was established in 1905 at Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh for vaccine research, production, and public health biologicals under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW).
| Diphtheria | Tetanus |
| Acute, highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae; characterized by grey pseudomembrane in throat and toxin-mediated complications (myocarditis, neuropathy); preventable through toxoid-based vaccines (DPT/Td). | Acute, non-communicable neuroparalytic disease caused by Clostridium tetani; tetanospasmin neurotoxin blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA, glycine) leading to lockjaw (trismus) and painful muscle spasms; preventable through toxoid-based vaccination (TT/Td/DPT). |
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