Why in News?
The 7th waterbird census (January 2026) in Kaziranga National Park recorded the first-ever sighting of the Eurasian diving duck (Smew).
Description:
Species Profile: Smew (Mergellus albellus):
- Classification: Smallest Eurasian diving duck (Family: Anatidae).
- Breeding Ground: Eurasian Taiga (Northern Europe/Asia).
- Status in India: Rare winter visitor; typically stays in Northern/Central India
- 2026 Record: First-ever sighting in Kaziranga (Rowmari–Donduwa wetlands).
- Role: Indicator Species for wetland health and climate-driven range shifts.
Ecological Significance & Concerns:
- Range Shift: The Smew’s presence in Assam suggests altered migration patterns or habitat stress in traditional zones, likely due to climate change.
- Global Population: ~130,000 (Trend: Declining).
- Threats: Habitat loss, human disturbance, and wetland degradation.
- Migratory Route: Central Asian Flyway (CAF).
- IBA Status: Kaziranga is an Important Bird Area identified by BirdLife International.
- Habitat: Prefers freshwater lakes, sheltered wetlands, and floodplains.
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