NVS series (2nd Gen NavIC)

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Why in News?

A committee of Indian Space Research Organisation found that a faulty electrical connection caused NVS-02 to miss its intended orbit.

Description:

NVS-02 Mission:

  • Mission: 2nd satellite of the NVS series (2nd Gen NavIC).
  • Launched on Jan 29, 2025 (100th launch from Sriharikota) via GSLV-F15
  • Status: Partial Failure. Successful orbital injection, but failed orbit-raising maneuvers to reach circular Geosynchronous Orbit.
  • Root Cause: A loose electrical connector (signal failure) prevented the oxidizer pyro-valve from opening, disabling engine ignition.

First-Generation (IRNSS) vs. Second-Generation (NVS):

FeatureIRNSS (First Gen)NVS Series (Second Gen)
BandsL5 and S-bandL1, L5, and S-band
Atomic ClockImported (some failed)Indigenous Rubidium Atomic Clock
CompatibilityLimited to specialized techL1 band compatible with smartphones/wearables
Lifespan~10 years>12 years

NavIC – Navigation with Indian Constellation (formerly IRNSS).

  • Coverage: India + 1,500 km beyond its borders (Regional, not Global).
  • Constellation: 7 Satellites (3 in GEO + 4 in IGSO). GEO satellites appear stationary; IGSO (Inclined Geosynchronous) move in a ‘figure-8’ pattern relative to Earth.
  • Services:
    • SPS (Standard Positioning Service): Open/Civilian (Accuracy: ~20m).
    • RS (Restricted Service): Encrypted/Military use.
  • Unique Fact: NavIC is the only system globally that utilizes the S-band for navigation.
  • Global Peers: GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU), BeiDou (China), QZSS (Japan – Regional).

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