Why in News?
A major oleum gas leak from a chemical unit in Palghar district (MH) led to the evacuation of over 2,600 people after dense white fumes spread across nearby areas.
Description:
Nature of the Substance:
- Definition: Oleum is Fuming Sulphuric Acid. It is a solution of Sulphur Trioxide (SO3) dissolved in Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4).
- Physical Appearance: An oily, colorless-to-dark liquid that emits dense white fumes upon exposure to air.
The “White Fume” Phenomenon:
- Reaction: When Oleum leaks, the dissolved SO3 gas reacts instantly with atmospheric moisture.
- Result: This creates a fine mist of Sulphuric Acid aerosol. The “white smoke” is actually a cloud of tiny, highly corrosive acid droplets.
- Heat Generation: The reaction is highly exothermic (releases significant heat), which can further volatilize the liquid and spread the plume.
Impact Profile:
| Category | Effects |
| Health | Severe corneal burns (eyes), pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs), and chemical skin burns. |
| Environment | Rapid acidification of local soil/water; “acid burn” on surrounding vegetation. |
| Infrastructure | Highly corrosive to metals, electronics, and stone (calcium carbonate). |
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