Context: The Election Commission of India announced Assembly election schedules for States including Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, bringing the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) into force.
Key Facts:
- Constitutional basis: Election conduct is vested in the Election Commission of India under Article 324.
- Election schedule: The Commission independently announces polling dates, nomination deadlines, scrutiny, withdrawal, and counting schedules.
Model Code of Conduct (MCC):
- Origin: First introduced during the 1960 Kerala Assembly elections and adopted nationwide in 1962.
- Nature: A non-statutory, consensus-based code where political parties voluntarily agreed to follow rules ensuring a level playing field during elections.
- Duration: Operates from the announcement of the election schedule until completion of the election process (including counting).
- Key restrictions: Prohibits new financial grants, ad-hoc appointments, misuse of official machinery, and inducements to voters.
- Enforcement: Violations may attract action under provisions of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and the Indian Penal Code.
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