Context:
India has withdrawn its bid to host the 33rd Conference of Parties (COP33) in 2028 under the UNFCCC. The decision follows a review of India’s climate commitments despite earlier interest at COP28 (Dubai, 2023).
The move comes even after international support and internal preparations for hosting the summit.
Background:
- Conference of Parties (COP) is the supreme decision-making body of the UNFCCC where countries negotiate climate policies annually.
- UNFCCC (1992) is a global treaty aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations to prevent dangerous climate change (HQ: Bonn, Germany).
- COP hosting follows a rotation system among UN regional groups; India belongs to the Asia-Pacific group.
- The Paris Agreement (2015) is a legally binding framework under UNFCCC to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
- Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are country-specific targets for reducing emissions and adapting to climate change.
- COP30,2025 was held in Brazil, COP31 will be hosted jointly by Türkiye and Australia, and COP32 is scheduled in Ethiopia.
Explanation:
- The reason cited for withdrawal is a “review of its commitments for 2028,” indicating reassessment of priorities and obligations.
- With India’s exit, South Korea has emerged as a key contender for hosting COP33.
- India has hosted COP only once earlier in 2002 (COP8), which was a relatively low-profile event.
- India recently updated its NDCs, committing to achieve 60% electricity capacity from non-fossil sources by 2035.
- It also aims to reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 47% and enhance carbon sink capacity by 3.5–4 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
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