Context: A UN report has highlighted that 2025 recorded the highest number of deaths among Rohingya refugees attempting dangerous sea crossings in the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal. Nearly 900 refugees were reported dead or missing, reflecting worsening humanitarian conditions.
- The Rohingya are a Muslim minority ethnic group from Rakhine State in Myanmar, facing persecution and statelessness.
- Myanmar does not recognize Rohingyas as citizens under its 1982 Citizenship Law, making them one of the largest stateless populations in the world.
- Due to violence and discrimination, Rohingyas undertake risky migration routes via the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, often using unsafe boats operated by traffickers.
- The issue is monitored by the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), which works for the protection and resettlement of refugees globally.
Refugee definition (1951 Refugee Convention):
- A person fleeing persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a social group.
- India is not a signatory to the 1951 Convention or its 1967 Protocol but still hosts refugees under administrative frameworks.
- The principle of non-refoulement (customary international law) prohibits returning refugees to places where they face persecution.
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Rohingya Refugee Crisis: Rising Sea Crossing Deaths