Context: A recent study published in Nature Climate Change has found that rising ocean temperatures due to global warming are weakening the sea-land breeze system in many coastal cities. This can worsen urban heat stress, humidity, and air pollution, affecting habitability of coastal regions.
Sea – Land Breeze Circulation:
- Sea Breeze is a local wind that blows from sea to land during daytime because land heats faster than water. Warm air over land rises, and cooler air from the sea moves inland.
- Land Breeze blows from land to sea at night because land cools faster than water, reversing the pressure gradient.
- Together, they form the Sea-Land Breeze Circulation, an example of local convectional winds.
- The primary driver is thermal contrast (temperature difference) between land and sea surfaces. Greater contrast = stronger breeze.
- Due to global warming, oceans are warming significantly, reducing the temperature gap between land and sea. This weakens the pressure gradient and lowers wind intensity.
- Study findings indicate that historical ocean warming has reduced breeze days by around 3% in several coastal cities.
- If carbon emissions remain high, weakening of sea breeze may accelerate by 2050.
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