Context:
The Union Cabinet has approved increasing the sanctioned Supreme Court Judge Strength from 34 to 38 judges, including the Chief Justice of India. The decision aims to address the growing pendency of cases and improve the efficiency of judicial functioning.
Explanation
- The Supreme Court of India is established under Article 124 of the Constitution and functions as the highest constitutional court in the country.
- Under Article 124(1), Parliament has the authority to determine the number of judges in the Supreme Court through legislation.
- The strength of Supreme Court judges is regulated by the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956, which has been amended multiple times to increase judicial capacity.
- Before this approval, the sanctioned strength was 34 judges consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 33 other judges. The proposal seeks to increase it to 38 judges.
- The Supreme Court Collegium recommends names for appointment, while the President appoints judges under the constitutional framework.
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