Context:
India and Norway have elevated their bilateral relations to a Green Strategic Partnership, focusing on clean energy, blue economy, green shipping, space cooperation, health, digital public infrastructure and Arctic research. The partnership reflects growing convergence between the two countries on sustainability, technology and rules-based international order.
- Norway is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, located on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
- It shares land borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia.
- Norway has a long coastline along the North Atlantic Ocean, Norwegian Sea, North Sea and Barents Sea.
- Its capital is Oslo, and its currency is the Norwegian Krone.
- Norway is not a member of the European Union, but it is part of the European Economic Area and Schengen Area.
- Norway is a member of NATO, the Arctic Council, the United Nations and the Nordic Council.
- It is known for hydropower, oil and gas resources, maritime economy, fisheries, shipping, polar research and sovereign wealth fund.
- For map-based prelims, remember: Norway lies west of Sweden, north of Denmark, has coastline near the Arctic region, and the Svalbard archipelago lies under Norwegian sovereignty in the Arctic Ocean.
- India and Norway converge on blue economy, green shipping, clean energy, maritime security, Arctic research, climate change, digital public infrastructure, health technology and space cooperation.
- Norway is important for India’s Arctic research, especially through India’s research station Himadri at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard.
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