Context:
The Assam government has tabled the Uniform Civil Code, Assam, 2026 Bill in the State Assembly to create a common civil law on marriage, divorce, succession and live-in relationships. The Bill seeks to ban polygamy, make registration of marriages/divorces mandatory, and excludes Scheduled Tribes from its purview.
- Uniform Civil Code (UCC) means a common set of civil laws for all citizens, especially in matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption and succession.
- UCC is mentioned under Article 44 of the Constitution as a Directive Principle of State Policy, asking the State to endeavour to secure a common civil code.
- Personal laws in India are generally based on religion, such as Hindu law, Muslim personal law, Christian law and Parsi law.
- Assam’s Bill proposes monogamy and seeks to prohibit bigamy and polygamy, with punishment under criminal law.
- It makes registration of marriages, divorces and live-in relationships mandatory to ensure legal clarity and prevent fraud.
- The Bill provides uniform grounds for divorce, such as cruelty, desertion and mutual consent.
- It seeks gender-equal inheritance rights among Class-I heirs such as spouse, children and parents.
- Exclusion of Scheduled Tribes reflects constitutional sensitivity towards customary tribal practices.
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Assam Uniform Civil Code Bill and Polygamy Ban