Context:
Telangana Formation Day is observed on June 2 every year to mark the creation of Telangana as a separate state in 2014. The day celebrates the region’s historical identity, long statehood movement and its political separation from Andhra Pradesh.
Explanation:
- Telangana was historically part of the Hyderabad princely state ruled by the Nizam.
- After Operation Polo, 1948, Hyderabad State was integrated into India.
- In 1956, Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh on linguistic basis.
- The merger was accompanied by the Gentlemen’s Agreement, 1956, meant to protect Telangana’s interests.
- Dissatisfaction over jobs, irrigation, education and regional development led to the 1969 Jai Telangana Movement.
- The demand revived strongly in the 2000s under political and social mobilisation.
- Parliament passed the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
- Telangana became India’s 29th state on 2 June 2014 under Article 3 of the Constitution.
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