Context:
Indian Railways has approved the installation of the indigenous Kavach system for train-safety across 631 route kilometres of the East Coast Railway at a cost of ₹270 crore. The project will cover six railway sections and improve the safety and reliability of passenger and freight operations.
Explanation:
- Kavach is India’s indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) and collision-avoidance system.
- It was developed by the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with Indian industry.
- The system continuously exchanges information between locomotives, railway tracks and signalling infrastructure.
- It prevents Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD), which occurs when a train crosses a stop signal without authorisation.
- Kavach automatically applies brakes when the locomotive pilot fails to respond to a danger signal or exceeds the prescribed speed.
- It helps maintain a safe distance between trains and reduces the possibility of collisions.
- The system uses LTE-based communication, radio-frequency identification devices, onboard equipment and station control units.
- It improves railway operations during poor visibility, particularly dense fog.
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