Context: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have reached a consensus to strengthen cooperation for protecting farmers’ interests in the Tungabhadra basin, coinciding with the inauguration of 33 new spillway gates of the Tungabhadra Dam. The initiative aims to improve long-term irrigation, dam safety and inter-State water management.
Explanation:
- Tungabhadra River is a major tributary of the Krishna River, formed by the confluence of the Tunga and Bhadra rivers at Koodli (Shivamogga district, Karnataka).
- The river flows through Karnataka, forms part of the boundary with Andhra Pradesh, and joins the Krishna River near Alampur (Telangana).
- The Tungabhadra Basin is part of the larger Krishna River Basin and supports irrigation, drinking water, hydropower, fisheries and ecosystems across the three States.
- The Tungabhadra Dam is located near Hosapete (Hospet), Vijayanagara district, Karnataka and is a major multipurpose river valley project providing irrigation, hydropower generation and flood moderation.
- The project is administered by the Tungabhadra Board, functioning under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, for coordinated operation and maintenance of the inter-State project.
- Key challenges in the basin include inter-State water sharing, reservoir siltation, ageing dam infrastructure, monsoon variability, increasing irrigation demand and the need for integrated basin management.
- The recent cooperation highlights the importance of cooperative federalism, river basin management, dam safety, command area irrigation and sustainable water resource management.
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