Context:
India has shifted to E20 petrol, containing 20% ethanol and 80% petrol, ahead of the original 2030 target. Motorists, especially owners of older vehicles, are concerned about reduced mileage, possible engine impact and lack of fuel-choice at petrol pumps.
Explanation:
- Ethanol blending means mixing ethanol, mainly produced from sugarcane, maize and damaged foodgrains, with petrol.
- E20 fuel contains 20% ethanol and 80% petrol; E10 contains 10% ethanol.
- Ethanol has a lower calorific value than petrol, so vehicles may show lower fuel efficiency or mileage.
- Ethanol is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs water, raising concerns about corrosion and damage to rubber, plastic and fuel-system components in older vehicles.
- Ethanol has a high octane number, enabling cleaner combustion and better anti-knock performance in compatible engines.
- India promotes ethanol blending to reduce crude oil imports, cut emissions, support farmers and strengthen energy security.
- Flex-fuel vehicles can run on higher ethanol blends such as E85.
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E20 Ethanol Blending: Energy Security and Mobility Transition