Context:
Astronomers using the Euclid Space Telescope have discovered the oldest known quasars, dating back to the first 700 million years after the Big Bang. The findings provide new insights into the early growth of supermassive black holes and the formation of galaxies, while also posing fresh questions about how such massive objects formed so quickly.
Explanation:
- A quasar is the incredibly bright core of a distant galaxy, powered by a giant black hole. As the black hole feeds on swirling gas and dust, it creates a superheated ring of matter that shines up to a thousand times brighter than an entire galaxy.
- A quasar isn’t the black hole itself, but the massive light show surrounding it.
- As gas and dust spiral into the black hole through an accretion disk, enormous amounts of gravitational energy are converted into light, making quasars among the brightest objects in the Universe.
- Supermassive black holes are typically millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun and are believed to exist at the centres of most galaxies.
- The Big Bang marks the origin of the Universe about 13.8 billion years ago; studying distant quasars helps
- scientists understand the early evolution of galaxies and black holes.
- The Euclid Space Telescope, launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2023, maps the large-scale structure of the Universe to study dark matter, dark energy, and the evolution of galaxies.
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