Context:
A coordinated international law enforcement operation, Operation Hard Ball, has dismantled several transnational criminal networks involved in organised crime. The operation has renewed India – Canada cooperation against organised crime and terrorism following recent diplomatic tensions.
Explanation:
- Transnational Organised Crime (TOC) refers to criminal activities conducted across national borders by organised groups for financial or material gain.
- Operation Hard Ball involved coordinated action by law enforcement agencies from multiple countries against international criminal syndicates.
- Such syndicates engage in drug trafficking, human trafficking, extortion, money laundering, cybercrime, illegal arms trade and terrorism financing.
- The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), 2000 (Palermo Convention) is the principal international treaty to combat organised crime.
- India is a State Party to UNTOC and cooperates through Interpol, bilateral Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) and intelligence sharing.
- Effective international cooperation strengthens extradition, financial investigations, asset recovery and prosecution of criminals operating across borders.
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