Context:
Researchers are developing protein biosensors that can rapidly detect multiple disease-related biomarkers, including proteins associated with sepsis. These devices could shorten diagnostic delays and support timely, point-of-care treatment.
Explanation:
- A biosensor combines a biological recognition element with a transducer that converts biological activity into a measurable signal.
- Proteins serve as biomarkers because their levels change during infections, cancer, heart attacks and inflammation.
- The first functional biosensor was the enzyme-based glucose sensor developed in 1962.
- Modern sensors increasingly use aptamers – synthetic DNA or RNA strands that bind selectively to target proteins.
- Aptamers are cheaper, stable and easier to manufacture than antibodies.
- Nanomaterials improve sensitivity and enable multiplex detection.
- Applications include sepsis diagnosis, wearables, cancer screening and food safety.
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