Context
Assam has witnessed severe flooding due to persistent heavy rainfall, rising water levels in the Brahmaputra and its tributaries, and intense localized weather events.
Explanation:
- The Brahmaputra River Basin is highly flood-prone due to high monsoon rainfall, snowmelt, low-gradient floodplains, and heavy sediment deposition, which frequently alters river channels.
- Cloudbursts are localized extreme rainfall events (generally over 100 mm per hour) that can trigger flash floods and landslides, though they are not the sole cause of Assam’s floods.
- Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events, while deforestation, wetland loss, and encroachment reduce natural water retention and increase surface runoff.
- Tributaries such as the Subansiri, Jia Bharali (Kameng), Dhansiri, and Dikhow contribute significantly to flood peaks in the Brahmaputra during the southwest monsoon.
- Experts attribute the scale of flooding to a combination of extreme rainfall, climate change, deforestation, and changes in river morphology.
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Assam Floods and Brahmaputra River Basin