Context
A recent study published in Gut Microbes found that urbanisation and increased consumption of processed foods are reshaping the gut microbiome of Indians.
Explanation:
- The gut microbiome includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms that influence digestion, immunity and metabolism.
- Megamonas was found to be more abundant among urban populations and is associated with obesity, hypertension and elevated blood glucose.
- Holdemanella, linked with fibre consumption and better glucose tolerance, declined with urbanisation except where traditional diets were retained.
- Processed foods, sugary drinks and low-fibre diets can reduce microbial diversity and cause gut dysbiosis.
- The study shows that diet and environment, rather than genetics alone, reshape the microbiome and influence NCD risk.
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