Context
Recently, a WRI India study identified Gujarat as India’s most resource-ready State for developing green hydrogen hubs. It found that renewable-energy availability, proximity to hydrogen consumers and water availability are the key factors determining suitable locations.
Explanation
- Green hydrogen is produced by splitting water through electrolysis using renewable electricity, resulting in very low greenhouse-gas emissions.
- A green hydrogen hub clusters hydrogen production, storage, transport and consumers in one region, reducing infrastructure and logistics costs.
- India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission, launched in 2023, targets 5 MMT annual production by 2030.
- Renewable energy is crucial because electricity may constitute 60–70% of green hydrogen production cost.
- Major hydrogen consumers include oil refineries, fertiliser and steel industries.
- Water availability is a major constraint, particularly in renewable-rich Rajasthan.
- Coastal hubs benefit from ports, pipelines and export access for derivatives such as green ammonia and methanol.
- Future hubs require integration of renewables, water, industrial demand, transmission and transport infrastructure.
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