Context
On 24 September 2026, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted by consensus the Political Declaration on Sea-Level Rise, addressing the existential risks faced particularly by Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and low-lying coastal countries.
Explanation
- Sea-level rise results mainly from thermal expansion of oceans and melting of land-based glaciers and ice sheets.
- The Declaration addresses science and data, adaptation finance, livelihoods, early-warning systems and legal consequences of rising seas.
- It affirms the continuity of statehood even where sea-level rise severely reduces or submerges a country’s habitable territory.
- Affected populations should retain nationality, sovereignty and associated legal rights.
- Maritime zones, once lawfully established under UNCLOS, are to remain stable despite climate-induced changes to coastlines.This protects rights over territorial seas, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and marine resources.
- SIDS, including low-lying Pacific island countries, face disproportionate risks from inundation, erosion and saltwater intrusion. The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) represents small island and low-lying states in international negotiations.
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