Context
Uttar Pradesh experienced an intense three-day wet spell, with several districts receiving excessive rainfall. The IMD attributed the episode to the interaction of a depression originating over the Bay of Bengal with a Western Disturbance (WD) affecting northern India.
Explanation
- A depression is an organised low-pressure system with winds circulating around a low-pressure centre.
- The system originated over the Bay of Bengal, crossed the north Andhra Pradesh–south Odisha coast, and subsequently moved inland.
- Western Disturbances (WDs) are extra-tropical weather systems generally travelling eastwards towards India from the Mediterranean-West Asian region.
- They are embedded in the subtropical westerly jet stream and bring winter rain/snow to north and northwest India.
- During this event, the depression supplied moisture, while interaction with the WD enhanced atmospheric instability and rainfall.
- Such interactions can produce heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and gusty winds.
- IMD recorded extremely heavy rainfall warnings for parts of Uttar Pradesh during the episode.
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Western Disturbance and Depression: Heavy Rainfall in UP