Paper: GS – III, Subject: Science and Technology, Topic: Emerging technologies, Issue: India’s battery ecosystem.
Context:
Battery storage is emerging as a critical component in India’s energy transition. With global battery prices dropping by 30%, Indian states are adopting battery storage to support renewable energy (RE) integration.
Key Highlights:
Recent Developments: Recently, states like Maharashtra, Gujarat and Delhi have approved battery storage projects via their state utilities.
Significance of Battery Storage:
- Helps address intermittency in solar power due to weather and time of day.
- Aids in stabilizing clean energy supply and reducing grid disruptions. It helps utilities better study and meet consumer demand trends
- Batteries are key to improving utilities’ green credentials and achieving clean energy goals.
- It can reduce tariff distortions as currently, households and farms are subsidized, while industries pay more. With decentralised storage, industries can reduce reliance on utilities.
- Non-lithium chemistries (e.g., sodium-ion) offer cheaper, safer, and more reliable options.
- These could scale up the battery market and improve power grid flexibility and safety.
Limitations of battery systems:
- Batteries store, but do not generate electricity.
- They are mostly used for short durations (1–2 hours) and often struggle to meet overnight or full-day demand.
- Climate challenge: India’s renewable power generation is still vulnerable to weather variability.
Government Support:
- The Centre is providing funds to plug viability gaps in battery storage.
- It encourages faster adoption to achieve clean energy targets and utility reforms.
Conclusion:
Batteries have the potential to empower consumers with lower costs, enable utility efficiency and reform and drive entrepreneurship and innovation in clean energy. A battery-led power system could improve grid reliability, affordability, and environmental performance.
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