Paper: GS – II, Subject: Society and Social Justice, Topic: Poverty, Hunger and Developmental issues, Issue: Ensuring food security.
Context:
Global uncertainties such as Russia-Ukraine war, energy disruptions, and U.S. tariff hikes pose risks to India’s economy and food security.
Key Highlights:
India’s Food Security Concerns:
· Energy Dependence: 90% of India’s urea production depends on imported natural gas which inflates fertiliser subsidies and food inflation.
- Fertiliser Import Dependence: India imports major fertilisers like DAP (Diammonium Phosphate, 18:46:0), MOP (Muriate of Potash) and TSP (Triple Super Phosphate) largely from Morocco, Jordan, Saudi Arabia.
- Economic Burden: Fertiliser subsidies cross ₹1,00,000 crore annually straining fiscal balance.
Way Forward:
- Energy Security: Secure LNG deals at import-parity pricing and encourage domestic gas production. India’s Make in India fertiliser production and global partnerships ensure long-term sustainability.
- Fertiliser Diplomacy: Expand equity stakes in Moroccan, Jordanian, and Saudi phosphate firms. For example, Tata Advanced Systems–Morocco defence equipment tie-up shows potential for deeper partnerships.
- Technology & Efficiency: Invest in nano-fertilisers, bio-fertilisers, and efficient nutrient use to reduce dependency.
- Trade Strategy: Build resilient supply chains through South-South cooperation and strategic reserves.
- Integrated Policy: Align fertiliser imports with India’s food security, farmer support, and subsidy reforms.
Conclusion:
Food security in India is closely tied to energy and fertiliser security. Strategic partnerships with resource-rich countries like Morocco can insulate India from global shocks along with diplomacy, trade, and technology is crucial to safeguard India’s agricultural backbone.
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