Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India’s foreign policy, Issue: Need for a reoriented foreign policy.
Context:
India’s foreign policy needs recalibration in the context of Operation Sindoor, India-U.S.-EU-China relations, and fragmented global geopolitical landscape.
Key Highlights:
Recent challenges to India’s foreign policy:
Operation Sindoor and Global Response:
- Significance: India conducted Operation Sindoor to retaliate against terror camps in Pakistan after confirmation that the Pahalgam attack perpetrators were Pakistanis linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba.
- Limited acknowledgment: Despite decisive action, global acknowledgment, especially from the U.S., remained limited.
- U.S. credit claim controversy: President Trump falsely claimed that he was responsible for a ceasefire, countered by Indian government statements.
U.S.-India Trade Friction:
- Launch of NISAR Satellite collaboration overshadowed by U.S. imposing a 25% tariff on Indian steel.
- Tariffs are linked to India’s energy ties with Russia during the Ukraine war.
- India faces hurdles under Trump-style transactional diplomacy.
EU’s Hostile Energy Strategy:
- The EU is targeting India’s import-led energy security.
- Sanctions on India’s Vadinar refinery (Rosneft involvement) hurt India’s energy supply.
- EU’s carbon policies and digital trade barriers may impact India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) talks.
China’s Geopolitical Movements:
- China proposes new regional groupings excluding India (e.g., China-Nepal-Bangladesh economic corridor).
- China opposes India’s presence in global semiconductor chains and alternative trade routes.
- China’s investments in Bangladesh and Nepal also pose strategic challenges.
India’s Diplomatic Missteps:
- India’s failure to build strong coalitions against terror and gain international support in Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Gaza issues.
- U.S. and EU actions show erosion of trust in strategic coordination with India.
Need for recalibration of foreign policy:
Conclusion:
As global geopolitics becomes fragmented, India must proactively assert its interests, form dependable coalitions, and align foreign policy with economic and technological priorities. Getting geopolitics right is the first step for India to truly emerge as a global power.
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