Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India’s Relations with other Nations, Issue: Iran in Global Geopolitics.
Context:
Iran’s return to global geopolitical focus in 2026 amid U.S. – Iran nuclear tensions. Iran’s reemergence as a focal point in global geopolitics presents both challenges and opportunities.
Key Takeaways:
Historical Context:
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Agreement (2015):
- Initiated under President Barack Obama, the JCPOA aimed to curtail Iran’s nuclear program.
- Involved negotiations among the P5+1 (U.S., U.K., France, Russia, China, and Germany).
- Iran’s leadership claimed the nuclear program was for peaceful purposes.
U.S. Withdrawal (2018):
- Under President Donald Trump, the U.S. exited the JCPOA, citing it as a flawed agreement.
- This decision left Iran and European allies in a precarious position.
- Russia and China, while supportive of Iran, were also concerned about a nuclearized West Asia.
Military Actions and Diplomatic Shifts (2025-2026):
- In 2025, the U.S. and Israel conducted military strikes against Iran’s nuclear and air defense sites. Following these actions, Trump shifted back to diplomacy, seeking a new agreement akin to the JCPOA.
Current Geopolitical Landscape:
Iran’s renewed geopolitical significance brings risks of military escalation alongside opportunities for diplomatic stability. India must balance energy security and strategic interests, as regional tensions and negotiations shape future outcomes.
Source: (The Indian Express)
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