Paper: GS – III, Subject: Internal Security, Topic: Left Wing Extremism, Issue: Crackdown on Maoists.
Context:
Union Home Minister urged Maoists to surrender under the “surrender and rehabilitation policy”. Government aims to eradicate Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) by next year.
Key Highlights:
Background:
- The CPI (Maoist) was formed in 2004 by merging CPI(ML) People’s War Group and Maoist Communist Centre.
- At its peak, it has 42 Central Committee members, 10,000 cadres, and control over large areas of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
- The objective is to establish “Janatana Sarkar” in the so-called “Liberated Zones.”
Present Status in 2025:
- Drastic decline in leadership and cadre strength. There is 77% decline in LWE violence from 2010 to 2024.
- LWE-affected districts reduced from 96 in 2010 to 45 in 2023 as per MHA.
- Security forces killed 300+ Maoists in the last 18 months; while 1,450 surrendered.
Reasons for Decline:
- Effective Security Operations: Deployment of CoBRA, Greyhounds, and District Reserve Guards (DRG) and Operations like Black Forest.
- Loss of Ideological Support: Decline of urban intellectual base and internal divisions.
- Tribal Disillusionment: Violence against locals and coercion led to erosion of support.
- Leadership Crisis: Deaths of top leaders like Basavaraju weakened central control.
Government Strategy:
- SAMADHAN Doctrine: Smart leadership, Aggressive strategy, Motivation, Actionable intelligence, Dashboard-based KPIs, Harnessing technology, Curtailing access to financing.
- Surrender & Rehabilitation Schemes: Monetary aid, vocational training, housing.
- Development Focus: Aspirational Districts Programme, Civic Action Plans, infrastructure in tribal areas.
Challenges that are yet to be addressed:
- Residual violence in Sukma, Bijapur, Narayanpur in Chhattisgarh.
- Need to address tribal land alienation, forest rights, and governance gaps to prevent resurgence.
Conclusion:
A balanced approach combining security, development, governance, and reconciliation is needed. Empower Local Governance through strengthening PESA (1996) and Forest Rights Act (2006). Civil Society should play a role in encouraging peacebuilding and reintegration efforts.
La Excellence IAS Academy, the best IAS coaching in Hyderabad, known for delivering quality content and conceptual clarity for UPSC 2025 preparation.
FOLLOW US ON:
◉ YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/@CivilsPrepTeam
◉ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LaExcellenceIAS
◉ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/laexcellenceiasacademy/
GET IN TOUCH:
Contact us at info@laex.in, https://laex.in/contact-us/
or Call us @ +91 9052 29 2929, +91 9052 99 2929, +91 9154 24 2140
OUR BRANCHES:
Head Office: H No: 1-10-225A, Beside AEVA Fertility Center, Ashok Nagar Extension, VV Giri Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Hyderabad, 500020
Madhapur: Flat no: 301, survey no 58-60, Guttala begumpet Madhapur metro pillar: 1524, Rangareddy Hyderabad, Telangana 500081
Bangalore: Plot No: 99, 2nd floor, 80 Feet Road, Beside Poorvika Mobiles, Chandra Layout, Attiguppe, Near Vijaya Nagara, Bengaluru, 560040
