Paper: GS-III,
Subject: Environment, Ecology and Disaster Management,
Topic: Indian initiatives, efforts and commitments,
Issue: Role of Indian Railways in ensuring Net Zero.
Context:
Over 700 crore people travelled via Indian Railways last year. Railways are crucial to achieving India’s net zero target by 2070 under the Panchamrit Goals.
Key Highlights:
Net Zero Target:
Environmental Impact and Decarbonisation:
- Modal shift: Indian Railways helps shift cargo movement from road to rail, significantly lowering emissions.
- Cargo transport: In 2013–14: 1,055 million tonnes of cargo transported. In 2024–25: Increased to 1,617 million tonnes, making India the 2nd-largest cargo railway globally.
- Implications of the shift: This modal shift has reduced 143 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions (equivalent to planting 121 crore trees). It saved ₹3.2 lakh crore in logistics costs over a decade.
Electrification and Energy Transition:
- Emission reduction: Electrification reduces oil imports and carbon emissions.
- Significance: Now, 99% of broad-gauge track is electrified. Cleaner power sources (solar, green hydrogen) are being used at stations, workshops, and factories.
Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs):
- Dedicated lines: Electrified, high-capacity lines dedicated for freight only.
- Reducing congestion and fuel: 2,741 km operational, easing congestion and reducing fuel consumption.
- Ensures efficiency: It enhances speed, logistics efficiency, and lowers costs.
Hydrogen-Powered Trains and Green Innovation:
- Longest network: India to launch world’s longest hydrogen train, first to run between Jind and Sonipat (Haryana). It aligns with India’s commitment to clean energy innovation and global standards.
Economic Growth and Sustainability:
- Environment and ecology link: Railway development links economic growth with climate goals.
- Improved logistics: As per World Bank’s Logistics Index 2023, India improved to 38th out of 139 countries. Railways drive India towards becoming a logistics hub.
Conclusion:
On World Environment Day, Indian Railways reaffirmed its commitment to sustainable development, electrification of every route and green freight movement through Net Zero Target.
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