Paper: GS – I, Subject: Geography, Topic: Oceanography, Issue: Significance of Samudra Manthan Mission.
Context:
PM announced Samudra Manthan Mission on Independence Day to accelerate domestic oil & gas exploration. The objective is to reduce dependency on imports, enhance energy self-reliance, and strengthen national reserves.
Key Highlights:
Current Energy Scenario in India:
- India imports 90% of crude oil needs leading to major outflow of foreign exchange.
- Domestic petroleum product demand is growing at 6–7% annually.
- Limited domestic production which increases vulnerability to global oil shocks.
Policy Initiatives:
- Samudra Manthan Mission:
- Expand exploration zones, acquire more seismic data.
- Encourage both private & public sector participation.
- Aim: Triple domestic oil & gas output by 2032 and double national reserves.
- Petroleum Ministry:
- 75% of current exploration in areas auctioned in last decade.
- Fiscal and policy incentives to catalyse investments.
Challenges in Hydrocarbon Exploration:
Way Forward:
- Technological Advancements:
- Use of geo-sciences, advanced seismic mapping, and AI-based reservoir management.
- Better forecasting reduces the risk of overestimation.
- Policy Measures:
- Attractive investment environment for foreign explorers.
- Public-private risk-sharing models.
- Innovative fiscal policies to support high-cost exploration.
- Strategic Importance:
- Reducing import dependence strengthens energy security.
- Oil origin now tied to foreign policy concerns → diversification needed.
Conclusion:
Hydrocarbon exploration is inherently “high risk, high return”. India must pursue Samudra Manthan with robust technology, and investor-friendly policies. Balancing self-reliance with global partnerships will be key to long-term energy security.
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