Paper: GS – III, Subject: Environment and Ecology, Topic: Indian initiatives, Issue: State Level Green Pathway.
Context:
India’s climate action is driven by diverse state-level innovations, but remains fragmented.
- A unified federal framework is needed to align local initiatives with national goals and ensure equitable, accountable, and effective climate governance.
Key Highlights:
State Innovation Led by Fiscal and Policy Leadership:
- Odisha: Institutionalized climate-budget tagging and annual statements, enhancing transparency in coastal-resilience spending.
- Tamil Nadu: Coordinates action through the Tamil Nadu Green Climate Company, bridging renewables and water management.
- Kerala: Integrated climate and sustainable development goal (SDG)-tagging into its budget and screens major projects for related risks.
- Gujarat and Maharashtra: Coupling advanced renewable energy portfolios with decarbonization initiatives.
- Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand: Advancing electric vehicle infrastructure, hydropower, and payments for ecological services.
Community-Led Governance:
- Maharashtra: Climate-resilient agriculture project training farmers in drought tolerance practices and community-managed solar mini-grids expanding access to energy.
- Tamil Nadu: Climate-smart villages.
- Kerala: Decentralized waste and flood-management systems.
- Sikkim: Organic farming mission.
- Rajasthan: Revival of traditional johads (water harvesting structures).
Map State Readiness and Vulnerability:
A framework climate law, anchored in transparent public finance and cooperative federalism, is an essential bridge to connect local innovation with a unified, equitable, and effective national pathway.
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