Paper: GS – II, Subject: Society and Social Justice, Topic: Social Sector- Education, Issue: Enhancing skills through vocational education.
Context:
Rising demand-driven growth and global uncertainties require boosting domestic consumption and employment.Vocational Education and Training (VET) is crucial for enhancing productivity, employability, and preparing workforce for the future of work.
Key Highlights:
Current Status of Vocational education in India:
- Limited workforce: Only 4% of workforce formally trained in VET.
- Institutional coverage: 14,000+ ITIs and 25 lakh sanctioned seats.
- Limited enrolment: Actual enrolment (2022): 12 lakh (48% seat utilisation).
- Low uptake: VET uptake is low due to weak job market linkage, poor employment outcomes.
- Limited progress: No academic progression pathways from VET to higher education.
Challenges of vocational education in India:
 Global Comparisons:Singapore: Clear pathways from VET to higher education, industry-led curriculum, strong employer feedback, Skill Future Programme.Germany, Switzerland, Canada: Strong public-private models, and high employment linkage (uptake 80–90%).Â
Way Forward:
Conclusion:
India must shift from input-focused to outcome-oriented VET system. There is a need for strong industry linkages, flexible pathways, and robust monitoring. Investing in vocational education is essential for creating a future-ready, employable workforce and driving inclusive economic growth.
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