Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: International Institutions, Issue: Revitalizing the United Nation.
Context:
Need for the UN to return to its foundational principles, drawing lessons from the leadership of U Thant, the former Secretary-General. The roles and responsibilities of the Secretariat, member states, and global citizens in revitalizing the UN and restoring its effectiveness in addressing global challenges.
Key Highlights:
The UN’s Current Crisis:
- The UN is facing a crisis of relevance due to a shift from universalism to nationalist egocentrism.
- It is paralyzed by multiple global crises, including conflicts, climate change, inequality, and terrorism.
- The UN’s ability to build consensus and deliver global public goods is severely compromised.
U Thant as a Model of Principled Leadership:
- U Thant’s tenure as Secretary-General (1961-1971) serves as a benchmark for principled leadership.
- He played a crucial role in averting nuclear catastrophe during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
- He stood against apartheid, questioned the Vietnam War, and expanded the UN’s development architecture.
- He recognized the interconnectedness of peace, development, and the environment.
The “Trinity of Multilateral Responsibility”:
- The UN’s effectiveness depends on the harmonious collaboration of three key actors: The Secretariat, the member states, and global citizens (“We the People”).
- When these actors work together for global public goods, the UN can fulfill its intended purpose.
- Weakness or self-serving behavior by any of these actors can undermine the UN’s effectiveness.
India’s Potential Role and Restoring UN Relevance:
By learning from the leadership of U Thant and embracing a collaborative approach, the UN can regain its relevance and deliver peace, development, equity, and dignity for all.
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