1. With reference to the Emergency declared in India in 1975, consider the following statements:
1. The Emergency was declared under Article 356 due to the breakdown of constitutional machinery.
2. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment, passed during the Emergency, curtailed the power of the judiciary and expanded the powers of the executive.
3. The Emergency period saw a suspension of Funda-mental Rights under Article 19.
4. The Shah Commission was set up after the Emer-gency to investigate excesses committed during the period.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
2. Consider the following statements about the lessons from the Emergency of 1975 and their relevance today:
1. Emergency exposed the vulnerability of constitu-tional institutions like the judiciary and media to ex-ecutive pressure.
2. Today, laws like UAPA have been criticized for sup-pressing dissent, reflecting traits similar to Emer-gency-era governance.
3. The Indian Constitution provides for automatic sus-pension of all Fundamental Rights during any kind of emergency.
4. Post-2014, centralization of power has raised con-cerns about majoritarianism within a democratic setup.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3. With reference to India’s approach towards West Asia (Middle East), consider the following statements:
1. India has traditionally followed a policy of strategic non-alignment between Israel and Arab nations.
2. The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) was announced during the G20 Summit 2023.
3. India maintains diplomatic relations with both Iran and Israel.
4. India has actively taken military sides in recent West Asia conflicts.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
4. Consider the following statements about the geopolitical dynamics of West Asia:
1. Iran and Israel are the only countries in West Asia with confirmed nuclear weapons.
2. Gulf countries are increasingly aligning with Israel due to security concerns about Iran.
3. The U.S. maintains a military presence in West Asia, including in Iraq and Qatar.
4. The Iran-Israel rivalry is a key factor in the shifting alliances in the region.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
5. With reference to the National Emergency under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution, consider the following statements:
1. The term “internal disturbance” was replaced by “armed rebellion” through the 44th Constitutional Amendment.
2. Article 20 and Article 21 are suspended automatical-ly during a national emergency.
3. The Emergency proclamation must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within one month by a special majority.
4. Once approved, the Emergency remains in force for one year unless revoked by the President.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
6. With reference to the judiciary during the 1975 Emergency in India, consider the following statements:
1. In ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla, the Supreme Court upheld the suspension of right to life during the Emergency.
2. Habeas corpus petitions were completely disallowed by the courts during the Emergency.
3. The judgment in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Na-rain disqualified Prime Minister Indira Gandhi for electoral malpractices.
4. Post-Emergency, the judiciary strengthened fun-damental rights through expanded judicial review.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
7. With reference to the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber used in Operation Midnight Hammer against Iranian nuclear sites, consider the following statements:
1. The B-2 bomber is the only aircraft in the U.S. arse-nal capable of delivering the GBU-57 Massive Ord-nance Penetrator.
2. The bomber is powered by four turbofan engines and is designed to be difficult to detect by conven-tional radar.
3. The B-2 has an operational range of over 10,000 km without refueling.
4. The aircraft can be flown autonomously without a pilot or mission commander.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
8. With reference to the emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution, consider the following statements:
1. Article 352 deals with National Emergency and al-lows suspension of fundamental rights under Article 19.
2. Article 356 empowers the President to impose President’s Rule in a state in case of failure of con-stitutional machinery.
3. Article 360 deals with Financial Emergency and has been invoked once during the 1975 Emergency.
4. The 44th Constitutional Amendment made it man-datory for the President to revoke National Emer-gency if the Lok Sabha disapproves it by a simple majority.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
9. Recently, India held the 9th Joint Defence Committee (JDC) meeting with which country, focusing on submarine cooperation and defence production?
(a) Brazil
(b) South Africa
(c) France
(d) Indonesia
10. Which of the following regions has shown the fastest SDG progress since 2015 according to the Sustainable Development Report 2025?
(a) Sub-Saharan Africa
(b) East and South Asia
(c) Latin America
(d) Middle East and North Africa
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